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Negotiations to a halt in wake of Boipatong massacre; mistrust of Mbeki, mid 1991 to mid 1993 difficult years for Mbeki (replaced as chief negotiator, forced to withdraw candidacy of deputy president of the ANC); had no demonstrable constituency, contempt for populism; political violence exploded, Mbeki opposed to mass action, argued against suspension of negotiations after Boipatong; Mbeki's detractors fellow-exilers especially from leadership of SACP; very little movement in negotiations since unbanning of the ANC; De Klerk buying time, political destabilisation; Mbeki not combative enough, ANC wanting to disown Operation Vula operatives; Mbeki proposed lifting of sanctions at Dec 1990 conference, strategy debate early 1991 ran parallel to ANC's nomination of candidates to run for leadership; the ANC's National Conference, July 1991, Mbeki's presentation on lifting of specific sanctions got standing ovation; Ramaphosa (then secretary-general) called NWC meeting while Mandela, Mbeki and Zuma were away, sidelined Mbeki and Zuma, Ramaphosa replaced Mbeki as chief negotiator, Zuma was appointed to chairing negotiations; Mbeki played key role in Codesa's Working Group III responsible for designing an interim government; collapse of Codesa, ANC withdrawal from negations, June 1992; Bisho massacre September 1992, negotiations started again two weeks later; 24 September 1992 record of understanding signed; Slovo's sunset clauses (power sharing); summer of 1992-1993 ANC and government agreed on an interim government, free elections and 5 year government of national unity.
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