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Election date set for April 1994; 4 months after the assassination of Chris Hani by right wingers Mbeki and Zuma met Jurgen Kögl, their connection to the rightwing former army general Constand Viljoen (AVF), wanted independent Afrikaner state; 25 June 1993 the AWB invaded the world trade centre where negotiations took place, Viljoen met Mandela 5 days later; 25 August 1993 Mandela elected Mbeki national chairman of the ANC; Ramaphosa dismissive of those who bailed out of negotiations, Mbeki did not believe in isolating radicals, security forces separate from NP; August December had 6 more meetings with Viljoen; December 1993 Mbeki and team admitted idea of volkstaat into negotiations; Bop debacle 11 March 1994; elections to be treated as referendum on volkstaat; Mbeki's negotiating approach, idea of volkstaat died away after elections; valorisation of Afrikaner identity, cultural autonomy; ANC's relationship with Inkatha; the National Peace Commission; July 1993 IFP walked out of negotiations for good; Mandela met with Buthelezi one month before the elections, made a deal; Mbeki using African solidarity to bring Buthelezi home, in TRC testimony (1997) acknowledged that ANC once considered the IFP a partner in the liberation struggle, Buthelezi thawed; Buthelezi offered deputy presidency in 1999, part of trade to relinquish premiership in Natal, he declined, clashes with Mbeki over the next 5 years.
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